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1.
Enferm. nefrol ; 26(1): 68-73, Mar 30, 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-218441

RESUMO

Introducción: La pandemia por COVID-19 obligó a nuestra unidad a intercalar consultas presenciales con consultas telefónicas, sin que esto supusiera un aumento de las consultas urgentes; por ello, nos parecía necesario conocer la opinión del paciente al respecto. Objetivo: Evaluar la satisfacción de los pacientes en tratamiento con diálisis peritoneal sobre la calidad de la atención recibida mediante un modelo mixto de visitas presenciales y telemáticas.Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado entre febrero-marzo de 2021, mediante una encuesta telefónica anónima, realizada por un entrevistador independiente.Criterios inclusión: mayores de 18 años, en diálisis peritoneal y que dieron su consentimiento.Variables recogidas: edad, sexo, cuidador principal, proveedor (Baxter®/Fresenius®), ingreso hospitalario (Si/No).Cuestionario satisfacción (9 preguntas): 2 abiertas, 1 semicerrada con respuesta dicotómica y texto libre, y 6 cerradas con respuesta tipo Likert, del 0-10.Resultados: De los 78 pacientes en diálisis peritoneal obtuvimos 71 participantes. El 59, 1% (n=42) eran hombres, edad media de 66,1 años (23,33-91,23 años). La puntuación media sobre la atención asistencial, con el modelo mixto de visitas, fue de 9,5±1,13. En relación a los aspectos a mejorar en las consultas telefónicas, un 61,2% (n=41) consideraron que no es necesario asignar un horario, un 11,2% (n=8) manifestaron que es necesario recibir los cambios por escrito, un 4,5% (n=3) solicitaron mejorar la petición de analítica en el centro de salud y ninguno consideró necesaria la videollamada.Conclusiones: La satisfacción mostrada por los pacientes con nuestro modelo mixto de visitas parece que transmite una buena calidad asistencial, subsidiaria de mejoras e individualización.(AU)


Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic forced our unit to alternate inperson consultations with telephone consultations, without this increasing urgent visits. Therefore, it seemed necessary to know the patient’s opinion regarding this matter. Objective: To assess the satisfaction of patients receiving peritoneal dialysis with the quality of care received through a mixed model of inperson and teleconsultations. Material and Method: PA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between February and March 2021, using an anonymous telephone survey conducted by an independent interviewer. Inclusion criteria: aged over 18, receiving peritoneal dialysis, and giving their consent. Variables collected: age, sex, primary caregiver, provider (Baxter®/Fresenius®), hospital admission (Yes/No). Satisfaction questionnaire (9 questions): 2 openended, 1 semiclosed with a dichotomous response and free text, and 6 closed with Likert-type response from 0-10. Results: Of the 78 peritoneal dialysis patients, 71 participants were included. 59.1% (n=42) were men, with an average age of 66.1 years (23.33-91.23 years). The average score for healthcare received through the mixed model of visits was 9.5 ±1.13. Regarding aspects to improve in phone consultations, 61.2% (n=41) considered it unnecessary to assign a specific time, 11.2% (n=8) stated the need to receive changes in writing, 4.5% (n=3) requested an improvement in the request for laboratory analysis at the healthcare center, and none considered video calls necessary. Conclusions: The patient’s satisfaction with our mixed model of visits seems to reflect a good quality of care, subject to improvement and individualization.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Pandemias , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Satisfação do Paciente , Diálise Peritoneal , Consulta Remota , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários
2.
Enferm. nefrol ; 24(4): 417-422, octubre-diciembre 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-216744

RESUMO

El objetivo del estudio fue comparar la necesidad de utilización del catéter peritoneal frente a las posibles complicaciones tras el trasplante renal, así como valorar la oportunidad de su retirada sistemática en el mismo acto quirúrgico.Metodología:Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo entre enero de 2014 y noviembre de 2019. Incluimos a todos los pacientes mayores de 18 años en programa de diálisis peritoneal que recibieron un trasplante renal.Resultados:Se incluyeron 124 pacientes en diálisis peritoneal con una edad media de 55,9±12,6 años en el momento del trasplante, de los que 77 eran hombres (62,1%). El catéter fue retirado en el momento del trasplante a 22 pacientes (17,7%), de los cuales 2 (1,6% de 124 pacientes) necesitaron hemodiálisis; se retiró en un segundo tiempo a 102 pacientes (82,3%). De ellos, 13 (10,5% de 124 pacientes) necesitaron algún tipo de diálisis, de los que 10 (8%) fue diálisis peritoneal. Complicaciones relacionadas con el catéter o la técnica se produjeron en 14 pacientes (13,7%).Conclusiones:Teniendo en cuenta que aproximadamente el 14% de los pacientes presentó complicaciones relacionadas con el catéter peritoneal y que el 92% de los pacientes trasplantados no necesitó diálisis peritoneal, valoramos como beneficioso, tanto para el paciente como para la institución, su retirada en el mismo acto quirúrgico. (AU)


The aim of the study was to compare the need to use the peritoneal catheter versus possible complications after renal transplantation, as well as to assess the opportunity of its systematic removal in the same surgical act.Methodology:A descriptive and retrospective study was conducted between January 2014 and November 2019. We included all patients over 18 years of age on peritoneal dialysis who received a kidney transplant.Results:124 patients on peritoneal dialysis with a mean age of 55.9±12.6 years at the time of transplantation were included, of whom 77 were male (62.1%). The catheter was removed at the time of transplantation in 22 patients (17.7%), of whom 2 (1.6% of 124 patients) required haemodialysis; it was removed at a second time in 102 patients (82.3%). Of these, 13 (10.5% of 124 patients) required some form of dialysis, of which 10 (8%) were peritoneal dialysis. Catheter or technique-related complications occurred in 14 patients (13.7%).Conclusions:Taking into account that approximately 14% of patients had complications related to the peritoneal catheter and that 92% of transplanted patients did not need peritoneal dialysis, it was considered beneficial for both the patient and the institution to remove the catheter at the same surgical procedure. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Enfermagem em Nefrologia , Cateteres , Diálise Peritoneal , Terapia de Substituição Renal , Peritonite
3.
Enferm. nefrol ; 22(1): 68-79, ene.-mar. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-183596

RESUMO

Introducción: El cambio de modalidad dialítica evidencia un acontecimiento de gran estrés e incertidumbre cuando no es una transferencia deseada, y el cual se describe como un proceso de transición, donde la persona se mueve de un estado de la vida a otro, implicando el dominio de nuevos roles, conocimientos y habilidades para regresar al estado de equilibrio previo al cambio. Objetivos: Describir la experiencia de los pacientes que transitan de diálisis peritoneal a hemodiálisis. Material y Método: Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, de orientación fenomenológica. Nueve informantes elegidos por muestreo de conveniencia fueron sometidos a entrevista semiestructurada en el domicilio. El desarrollo analítico resultó de un proceso deductivo-inductivo del que surgieron los ejes temáticos en los que se articuló la vivencia de los participantes. Se obtuvo la autorización del Comité Ético y los hallazgos fueron confirmados por los informantes. Resultados: Emergieron 3 temas principales tales como, el significado de la experiencia de transición, las fases del proceso de la transición, y los cambios del ser en transición como fueron las modificaciones físicas, psíquicas, sociales y familiares. Conclusiones: La transición de diálisis peritoneal a hemodiálisis se revela como una vivencia vulnerable que denota cambios en el estado de salud y en las relaciones de roles y habilidades, asimismo, requiere cambio en los patrones de comportamiento de los participantes y, por tanto, resulta en la necesidad de redefinir un sentido de sí mismos


Introduction: The change of dialytic modality is an event of high stress and uncertainty when it is not desired, and which is described as a transition process, where the person moves from one state of life to another, involving the domain of new roles, knowledge and skills to return to the state of equilibrium prior to change. Objectives: To describe the experience of patients who change from peritoneal dialysis to hemodialysis. Material and Methods: Qualitative, descriptive study, based on the phenomenology. Nine informants selected by convenience sampling were subjected to semi-structured interview at home. The analytical development resulted from a deductive and inductive process from which emerged the thematic axes in which the experience of the participants was articulated. The authorization of the Ethics Committee was obtained and the findings were confirmed by the informants. Results: Three main themes emerged: the meaning of the transition experience, the phases of the transition process, and the changes of the being human in transition in terms of how were the psychic, physical, social and family modifications. Conclusions: The transition from peritoneal dialysis to hemodialysis is revealed as an experience of great vulnerability, which denotes changes in the health status, and in the relation between roles and skills, and it also requires changes in the behavior patterns of the participants and, therefore, results in the need to redefine a sense of themselves


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/terapia , Diálise Renal/métodos , Diálise Peritoneal/métodos , Cuidado Transicional/normas , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Cuidados de Enfermagem/métodos , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/psicologia
4.
Enferm. nefrol ; 21(4): 403-406, oct.-dic. 2018. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-180187

RESUMO

Introducción: La migración del catéter de diálisis peritoneal constituye una complicación que condiciona la viabilidad de la técnica, por eso para tratar de disminuir las disfunciones por desplazamiento apareció en 1996 el catéter Autoposicionante. Caso clínico: Presentamos el caso de un varón portador de catéter Swan Neck al que se realizan 2 maniobras alfa para intentar corregir desplazamiento precoz y que finalmente precisa recambio quirúrgico, implantándose en esta ocasión catéter Autoposicionante. Durante el periodo de cicatrización presenta nuevo episodio de migración pero se consigue reposicionamiento con alambre guía y es posible reiniciar la técnica. Solo tres meses después necesita ingreso hospitalario por clínica abdominal y los estudios de imagen demuestran dilatación de ciego y colon hasta el cruce con el catéter de diálisis peritoneal, llegándose al diagnóstico de obstrucción mecánica de colon por catéter de diálisis. Esta complicación grave apareció en contra de las expectativas planteadas basándonos en nuestra propia experiencia y los resultados de múltiples estudios


Introduction: The migration of the peritoneal dialysis catheter constitutes a complication that conditions the viability of the technique, so in order to try to reduce dysfunctions due to displacement, the self-locating catheter appeared in 1996. Case report: We present the case of a male, Swan Neck catheter carrier, whom 2 alpha maneuvers to try to correct early displacement were developed and finally surgical replacement was required, implanting a self-locating catheter. During the healing period, a new episode of migration appears, but repositioning with guide wire is achieved and it is possible to restart the technique. Only three months later, he needed hospital admission for abdominal surgery and the imaging studies showed dilation of the caecum and colon until the junction with the peritoneal dialysis catheter, being diagnosed of colon mechanical obstruction produced by dialysis catheter. This serious complication appeared, contrary to the expectations raised, based on our own experience and the results of multiple studies


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obstrução Intestinal/etiologia , Cateteres de Demora/efeitos adversos , Diálise Peritoneal , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/complicações , Migração de Corpo Estranho/complicações
6.
Enferm. nefrol ; 19(2): 143-146, abr.-jun. 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-154067

RESUMO

En los pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca refractaria en programa de ultrafiltración peritoneal no es infrecuente la presencia de líquido turbio en ausencia de otros criterios de infección peritoneal. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar si la presencia de drenado peritoneal turbio se corresponde con la presencia de infección peritoneal. Se realizó un estudio observacional prospectivo entre Diciembre de 2014 y Marzo de 2015, en el que se incluyeron pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca refractaria. Se analizaron 4 muestras de cada paciente, separadas por 15 días, de forma programada. Los cultivos bacteriológicos se realizaron en las muestras que presentaban un recuento leucocitario superior a 100 leucocitos/μl. Se recogieron datos epidemiológicos y clínicos de los pacientes, como la patología de base responsable de la insuficiencia cardiaca y las proteínas presentes en el efluente peritoneal. Se evaluaron 13 pacientes, 77% varones, edad media de 71±8 años. Se recogieron un total de 51 muestras; de ellas, en 5 muestras (9.8%) procedentes de 4 pacientes (31% del total de pacientes), el efluente peritoneal era turbio. En 2 de ellos el recuento leucocitario fue inferior a 100 leucocitos/μl mientras que en los otros 2 pacientes el recuento fue superior, con polimorfonucleares por debajo del 50% y cultivos sin crecimiento bacteriano. No hubo relación entre la celularidad y las enfermedades de base. Consideramos que la presencia de turbidez en el efluente peritoneal de los pacientes con Insuficiencia Cardiaca no siempre se corresponde con la existencia de infección peritoneal (AU)


In patients with refractory heart failure undergoing peritoneal ultrafiltration it is not uncommon for the presence of turbid liquid in the absence of other criteria of peritoneal infection. The aim of the study was to analyze whether the presence of peritoneal drainage cloudy corresponds to the presence of peritoneal infection. A prospective observational study between December 2014 and March 2015 was performed, which included patients with refractory heart failure. They analyzed 4 samples of each patient, separated by 15 days, programmatically. Bacterial cultures were performed on samples that had a white blood cell count above 100 cells/μl. Epidemiological and clinical data of patients, as the pathology of heart failure responsible base and the proteins present in the peritoneal effluent were collected. 13 patients, 77 % male, mean age 71 ± 8 years were evaluated. A total of 51 samples were collected; of then, 5 samples (9.8 %) from 4 patients (31 % of all patients), peritoneal effluent was cloudy. In 2 of then the white blood cell count was less than 100 cells/μl. whereas in the other 2 patients the count was higher, with polymorfonuclear below 50% and no growth crops. There was no relationship between the cellularity and the underlying diseases. We believe that the presence of turbidity in the peritoneal effluent of patients with heart failure not correspond to the existence of peritoneal infection (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Insuficiência Cardíaca/complicações , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/enfermagem , Ultrafiltração , Hemofiltração/métodos , Diálise Peritoneal/instrumentação , Diálise Peritoneal/métodos , Diálise Peritoneal/enfermagem , Ascite/complicações , Ascite/enfermagem , Doenças Peritoneais/complicações , Infecções/complicações , Peritonite/complicações , Peritonite/diagnóstico , Peritonite/enfermagem , Enfermagem em Nefrologia/métodos , Enfermagem em Nefrologia/organização & administração , Enfermagem em Nefrologia/normas , Estudos Prospectivos
7.
Enferm. nefrol ; 18(2): 124-129, abr.-jun. 2015. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-137123

RESUMO

Introducción: La infección peritoneal es una complicación frecuente en diálisis peritoneal, que condiciona una importante morbimortalidad. Habitualmente el diagnóstico se establece mediante signos y síntomas clínicos, efluente turbio y cultivo positivo. En ocasiones los síntomas son poco evidentes, el recuento leucocitario puede no estar disponible y el cultivo se demora varios días. Por otro lado se sabe que el inicio precoz del tratamiento antibiótico aumenta la eficacia y favorece la resolución de los episodios de infección peritoneal. Objetivo: Estudiar la capacidad diagnóstica de las tiras reactivas Multistix 10 SG Siemens® en la determinación de peritonitis en pacientes en diálisis peritoneal. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional prospectivo donde se analizaron muestras de líquido peritoneal efluente de pacientes prevalentes en diálisis peritoneal, durante seis meses. Se tomó como criterio de peritonitis la presencia de más de 100 Leucocitos (L)/ μl y más de 50% de ellos polimorfonucleares. Las muestras de líquido peritoneal efluente fueron obtenidas después de permanencias mínimas de dos horas y volumen mínimo de 1500 cc. Todas las muestras se analizaron usando tiras reactivas de Multistix ® 10 SG Siemens durante 2 minutos, anotando el observador el resultado de acuerdo a la escala cromática (valor 0= 0-15 L/μl, valor 1= 16-70 L/μl, valor 2=71-125 L/μl y valor 3=126-500 L/μl) y se compararon con las enviadas al laboratorio de nuestro hospital para el recuento manual de leucocitos. Se recogieron otras variables clínicas y epidemiológicas. Resultados: Se analizaron 111 muestras de efluente peritoneal. Detectándose infección peritoneal en 28 muestras (25.2%). No se observaron diferencias significativas entre infectados y no infectados por razón de edad, sexo, diabetes ni número de peritonitis anteriores. El 68 % de los pacientes infectados declararon sufrir dolor. El 73% de las muestras con infección presentaron líquido turbio. En relación al resultado del Multistix, y considerando infección un valor por encima de 1, encontramos una sensibilidad del 100% y una especificidad del 95.2%. Si el punto de corte se toma en el valor 2 encontramos una sensibilidad del 96,4% y una especificidad del 100%. Conclusiones: La utilización de las tiras Multistix® 10 SG Siemens como prueba diagnóstica para la detección de infección peritoneal, tiene una validez excelente, pudiendo sustituir al recuento manual de leucocitos (AU)


Introduction: Peritoneal infection is a common com- plication in peritoneal dialysis, which determined a significant morbidity and mortality. Usually the diagnosis is established by clinical signs and symptoms, cloudy effluent and positive culture. Sometimes the symptoms are not evident, the leukocyte count may not be available and culture takes several days. On the other hand it is known that early antibiotic therapy increases effectiveness and promotes the resolution of the episodes of peritoneal infection. Objective: Study the diagnostic capacity of Siemens Multistix 10 SG® reagent strips in determining peritonitis in patients on peritoneal dialysis. Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out. Samples of peritoneal fluid effluent from prevalent patients on peritoneal dialysis were analyzed for six months. It was taken as the criterion of peritonitis, the presence of more than 100 leukocytes (L)/ μl and over 50% of these polymorphs. Samples of peritoneal fluid effluent were obtained after two-hours minimum stays and minimum volume of 1500 cc. All samples were analyzed using Siemens Multistix 10 SG® reagent strips for 2 minutes, scoring the observer the result according to the chromatic scale (value 0 = 0-15 L / μl; value 1 = 16-70 L / μl; value 2 = 71-125 L / μl; and value 3 = 126-500 L / μl) and compared to those sent to the hospital laboratory for manual leukocyte count. Other clinical and epidemiological variables were collected. Results: 111 samples of peritoneal dialysis were analyzed. Peritoneal infection were detected in 28 samples (25.2%). No significant differences between infected and uninfected by reason of age, sex, diabetes or number of previous peritonitis were observed. 68% of infected patients reported suffering from pain. In those infected samples, 73% presented cloudy fluid. In relation to the result of Multistix and considering infection a value greater than 1, we found a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 95.2%. If the cut point is taken in the value 2 we found a sensitivity of 96.4% and a specificity of 100%. Conclusions: The use Siemens Multistix 10 SG® reagent strips as a diagnostic test for the detection of peritoneal infection has excellent validity and could replace the manual leukocyte count (AU)


Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Soluções para Hemodiálise/uso terapêutico , Infusões Parenterais/enfermagem , Diálise Peritoneal/enfermagem , Fitas Reagentes/provisão & distribuição , Fitas Reagentes/uso terapêutico , Peritonite/enfermagem , Peritonite/terapia , Soluções para Hemodiálise/provisão & distribuição , Soluções para Hemodiálise
8.
Nefrología (Madr.) ; 34(6): 743-748, nov.-dic. 2014. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-135742

RESUMO

Introducción: La infección peritoneal es una complicación común en los pacientes en diálisis peritoneal (DP) y una causa frecuente de fallo de la técnica. Conocer los factores que predisponen a su aparición ayuda a establecer medidas preventivas. Objetivos: Conocer la influencia de variables climáticas en la aparición de peritonitis, como son las variaciones estacionales, la temperatura y la humedad en Asturias. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional, de todas las infecciones peritoneales acaecidas en nuestra unidad de DP a lo largo de un período de 5 años (2007-2011). La región fue divida longitudinalmente en tres áreas: costa, medianías y cordillera, cada una de las cuales dispone de una estación climatológica de la Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET) de referencia (en Gijón, Oviedo y Mieres, respectivamente). La AEMET nos proporcionó los datos de humedad y temperatura media de los meses en los que se produjeron todas las peritonitis. Resultados: Se produjeron 171 peritonitis (0,498 episodios/paciente/año) en 201 pacientes (58 ± 16 años, 59 % varones, 33 % diabéticos, tiempo en técnica 20 ± 19 meses). No encontramos diferencias en función de la edad, el sexo, la condición de diabético, el ser portador nasal inicial de Staphylococcus aureus ni la modalidad terapéutica. Globalmente, no hubo diferencias en las distintas estaciones. Sin embargo, usando la primavera como referencia (valor 1), la tasa de incidencia de peritonitis por gramnegativos (95 % intervalo de confianza) en verano, otoño e invierno fue 0,666 (0,211-1,832), 0,248 (0,000-0,912) y 0,292 (0,000-0,833), respectivamente (P < 0,001). No constatamos dicha variación al analizar las tasas de incidencia de las peritonitis causadas por gérmenes grampositivos. La temperatura media los días en los que se produjeron infecciones peritoneales por gérmenes gramnegativos (15,46 ± 3,71 °C) es significativamente mayor que en los grampositivos (13,61 ± 3,89 °C) (P 0,022). No hay diferencias significativas en cuanto a la humedad (78,76 ± 4,40 frente a 77,5 ± 3,69 %) (P 0,227). Conclusiones: Globalmente, las tasas de infección peritoneal son semejantes en las cuatro estaciones del año, aunque en el caso de los gérmenes gramnegativos en primavera y verano se produce un aumento en su aparición. A mayor temperatura, mayor riesgo de que la infección peritoneal esté causada por un germen gramnegativo (AU)


Introduction: Peritoneal infections are a common complication in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) and are frequently the cause of the failure of the technique. Knowing the factors that can lead to their appearance helps to establish preventative measures. Aim: To understand the influence of climatic variables in the appearance of peritonitis, such as seasonal variation, the temperature and humidity in Asturias. Method: A retrospective, observational study of all peritoneal infections that occurred in our PD department over a period of 5 years (2007-2011). The region was divided lengthways into three areas: the coast, central area and mountains, each of which has a climatological season for reference, which is defined by the State Meteorology Agency (AEMET) (in Gijón, Oviedo and Mieres, respectively). The AEMET provided us with data on the humidity and average temperature of the months in which all the cases of peritonitis appeared. Results: There were 171 cases of peritonitis (0.498 episodes/patient/year) in 201 patients (58±16 years, 59% males, 33% diabetics, 20±19 months on technique). We did not find any differences according to age, sex, having diabetes, nasal carrier status for Staphylococcus aureus or therapeutic modality. Overall, there were no differences among seasons. However, using spring as a reference (value 1), the incidence rate of gram-negative peritonitis (95% confidence interval) in summer, autumn and winter was 0.666 (0.211-1.832), 0.248 (0.000-0.912) and 0.292 (0.000-0.833), respectively (P<.001). We do not see this variation upon analysing the incidence rates of peritonitis caused by gram-positive bacteria. The average temperature of the days on which peritoneal infections were caused by gram-negative bacteria (15.46±3.71°C) was significantly higher than on those days when it was caused by gram-positive bacteria (13.61±3.89 °C) (P.022). There are no significant differences in relation to humidity (78.76 ± 4.40 vs. 77.5±3.69 %) (P.227). Conclusions: Overall, the rates of peritoneal infection are similar in all four seasons of the year, although in the case of gram-negative bacteria there is an increase in its incidence in spring and summer. The higher the temperature, the higher the risk that a peritoneal infection will be the result of a gram-negative bacterium (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Peritonite/epidemiologia , Diálise Peritoneal/efeitos adversos , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/complicações , Estações do Ano , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos
9.
Nefrologia ; 34(6): 743-8, 2014 Nov 17.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25415574

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Peritoneal infections are a common complication in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) and are frequently the cause of the failure of the technique. Knowing the factors that can lead to their appearance helps to establish preventative measures. AIM: To understand the influence of climatic variables in the appearance of peritonitis, such as seasonal variation, the temperature and humidity in Asturias. METHOD: A retrospective, observational study of all peritoneal infections that occurred in our PD department over a period of 5 years (2007-2011). The region was divided lengthways into three areas: the coast, central area and mountains, each of which has a climatological season for reference, which is defined by the State Meteorology Agency (AEMET) (in Gijón, Oviedo and Mieres, respectively). The AEMET provided us with data on the humidity and average temperature of the months in which all the cases of peritonitis appeared. RESULTS: There were 171 cases of peritonitis (0.498 episodes/patient/year) in 201 patients (58±16 years, 59% males, 33% diabetics, 20±19 months on technique). We did not find any differences according to age, sex, having diabetes, nasal carrier status for Staphylococcus aureus or therapeutic modality. Overall, there were no differences among seasons. However, using spring as a reference (value 1), the incidence rate of gram-negative peritonitis (95% confidence interval) in summer, autumn and winter was 0.666 (0.211-1.832), 0.248 (0.000-0.912) and 0.292 (0.000-0.833), respectively (P<.001). We do not see this variation upon analysing the incidence rates of peritonitis caused by gram-positive bacteria. The average temperature of the days on which peritoneal infections were caused by gram-negative bacteria (15.46±3.71°C) was significantly higher than on those days when it was caused by gram-positive bacteria (13.61±3.89 °C) (P.022). There are no significant differences in relation to humidity (78.76 ± 4.40 vs. 77.5±3.69 %) (P.227). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the rates of peritoneal infection are similar in all four seasons of the year, although in the case of gram-negative bacteria there is an increase in its incidence in spring and summer. The higher the temperature, the higher the risk that a peritoneal infection will be the result of a gram-negative bacterium.


Assuntos
Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/epidemiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/epidemiologia , Conceitos Meteorológicos , Diálise Peritoneal/efeitos adversos , Peritonite/epidemiologia , Estações do Ano , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Portador Sadio/epidemiologia , Coinfecção/epidemiologia , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/epidemiologia , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/etiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/etiologia , Nefropatias Diabéticas/epidemiologia , Nefropatias Diabéticas/terapia , Feminino , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/etiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/etiologia , Humanos , Falência Renal Crônica/epidemiologia , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peritonite/etiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Espanha/epidemiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/epidemiologia , Temperatura
10.
Enferm. nefrol ; 16(3): 179-184, jul.-sept. 2013. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-116052

RESUMO

La fase de entrenamiento, en la que se dota a pacientes y cuidadores de los conocimientos y habilidades necesarios para realizar su autotratamiento, es vital. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar los conocimientos prácticos de los pacientes de nuestra Unidad mediante la realización de un intercambio manual y como consecuencia de éste, valorar la necesidad de establecer un programa de reentrenamiento reglado. Se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal entre Febrero y Abril de 2013, con pacientes prevalentes, mayores de edad, con más de un mes en técnica domiciliaria. Se diseñó un test de evaluación de 23 ítems que recogía los pasos de un intercambio manual y la administración de medicación intraperitoneal; la valoración la realizó un observador imparcial durante una revisión rutinaria del paciente. Se recogieron variables epidemiológicas, clínicas y nivel de estudios. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el paquete informático SPSS 20.0. Se evaluaron 62 pacientes, 59 con Enfermedad Renal Crónica (24 en Diálisis Peritoneal Continua Ambulatoria y 35 en Diálisis Peritoneal Automatizada) y 3 con Insuficiencia Cardiaca Congestiva. El tiempo medio en técnica fue 19±20 meses en manual, 24±27 en automática y 8±4 en ultrafiltración peritoneal. La media de aciertos fue de 18±3, sin diferencias en cuanto a las variables analizadas. Nuestros pacientes están, en general, bien formados, con variaciones individuales no dependientes de edad, sexo, educación o tiempo en la técnica. Consideramos que un buen entrenamiento no es suficiente, siendo pertinente establecer un programa de reentrenamientos periódicos y personalizados (AU)


The training phase, when patients and carers are equipped with the knowledge and skills necessary to carry out self-treatment, is vital. The aim of the study was to assess the practical knowledge of patients in our Unit by carrying out a manual exchange and, as a result, assessing the need to establish a regulated retraining programme. An observational, transversal study was carried out between February and April 2013, with prevalent patients, aged over 18, who had spent more than one month on home technique. An assessment test with 23 items was designed, which reflected the steps of a manual exchange and intraperitoneal medication administration; the assessment was performed by an impartial observer during a routine patient check-up. Epidemiological, clinical and level of education variables were collected. The statistical analysis was performed using the computer package SPSS 20.0. A total of 62 patients were assessed, 59 with Chronic Kidney Disease (24 on Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis and 35 on Automated Peritoneal Dialysis) and 3 with Congestive Heart Failure. The average time using the technique was 19±20 months in manual, 24±27 in automatic and 8±4 in peritoneal ultrafiltration. The average number of correct answers was 18±3, with no difference in relation to the variables analysed. In general, our patients are well-trained, with individual variations that do not depend on age, sex, education or time using the technique. We consider that good training is not sufficient, and that regular, personalized retraining programmes should be established (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Diálise Peritoneal/métodos , Diálise Peritoneal/enfermagem , Insuficiência Cardíaca/epidemiologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/prevenção & controle , Estudos Transversais/métodos , Estudos Transversais , Diálise Peritoneal/estatística & dados numéricos
11.
Nefrologia ; 33(1): 70-6, 2013 Jan 18.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23364628

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Paricalcitol, a selective activator of Vitamin D receptors, is successfully used as a treatment of hyperparathyroidism secondary to chronic kidney disease (CKD). In addition, it has been proposed for reducing proteinuria in patients with CKD. Nonetheless, little is known about its effect on peritoneal protein loss in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD). OBJECTIVES: To analyse the efficiency of oral paricalcitol in secondary hyperparathyroidism control in PD patients and to verify its effect on urinary and peritoneal effluent protein loss. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Prospective study with a 12-month follow-up on a cohort of PD patients. Invention consisted of the introduction of paricalcitol for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Paricalcitol was dosed according to parathyroid hormone (PTH): 1mg/day for patients with PTH < 500 pg/ml, and 2mg/day for those with higher PTH levels. Epidemiological, clinical and analytical data were analysed. RESULTS: 38 patients (56 ± 19 years, 55% women, 16% diabetics, technique time (14 ± 10 months) were included in the study. Thirty-three of them received 1mg/day of paricalcitol; the rest received 2mg/day. The use of paricalcitol was associated with a PTH decrease of 30.7 ± 6.8% (P<.001) after 12 months of treatment with no changes in calcium (8.82 ± 0.96 vs. 9.02 ± 0.91; P = .153) and phosphate levels (4.78 ± 0.63 vs. 4.93 ± 0.77; P = .693). Patients did not modify treatment concurrent with phosphate binders over the study period, nor did they change the cinacalcet dosage. However, fewer patients needed it by the end of the study. The PTH baseline levels were independent indicators of its decrease (b = 0.689, P = .018), and the rest of the analysed parameters were not affected. Over the study period there was a proteinuria decrease (0.79 ± 0.41 vs. 0.64 ± 0.36 g/day, P = .034) with no changes in renal function (7.2 ± 1.1 vs. 6.3 ± 0.9 ml/min, P =.104). Similarly, no differences were found in in the percentages of patients taking renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (71 vs. 68 %, P = .472) or the doses needed. There was no significant change in peritoneal protein loss (5.8 ± 1.9 vs. 6.0 ± 2.2g/24h, P = .731) nor in serum albumin levels (3.7 ± 1.1 vs. 3.7 ± 1.2g/dl, P = .697). CONCLUSIONS: The use of oral paricalcitol reduces PTH levels safely and substantially in patients on PD. Their use is associated with a proteinuria decrease and is not linked to a decrease of glomerular filtration rate or changes in the medication that could modify it. We have found no modification in the amount of peritoneal protein loss.


Assuntos
Conservadores da Densidade Óssea/uso terapêutico , Ergocalciferóis/uso terapêutico , Diálise Peritoneal , Peritônio/efeitos dos fármacos , Peritônio/metabolismo , Proteínas/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas/metabolismo , Proteinúria/prevenção & controle , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/metabolismo , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/terapia , Conservadores da Densidade Óssea/farmacologia , Cálcio/sangue , Ergocalciferóis/farmacologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fósforo/sangue , Estudos Prospectivos , Proteinúria/etiologia , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/complicações
12.
Nefrología (Madr.) ; 33(1): 70-76, ene.-feb. 2013. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-111921

RESUMO

Introducción: Paricalcitol, un activador selectivo de los receptores de la vitamina D, se usa con éxito en el tratamiento del hiperparatiroidismo secundario a la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC). Además, se ha propuesto que reduce la proteinuria en pacientes con ERC. Sin embargo, poco se sabe de su efecto sobre las pérdidas proteicas peritoneales en pacientes en diálisis peritoneal (DP). Objetivos: Analizar la eficacia de paricalcitol en formulación oral en el control del hiperparatiroidismo secundario en pacientes en DP y comprobar su efecto sobre las pérdidas proteicas urinarias y en el efluente peritoneal. Material y métodos: Estudio prospectivo, de 12 meses de seguimiento, sobre una cohorte de pacientes en DP. La intervención fue la introducción de paricalcitol para el tratamiento de su hiperparatiroidismo secundario. Paricalcitol se dosificó en función de la hormona paratiroidea (PTH); así, si la PTH era menor de 500 pg/ml, cada paciente recibió una cápsula de 1 mg/día; si la PTH era mayor de esa cifra, recibieron la dosis de 2 mg/día. Se analizaron datos epidemiológicos, clínicos y analíticos. Resultados: 38 pacientes (edad 56 ± 19 años, 55 % mujeres, 16 % diabéticos, tiempo en técnica 14 ± 10 meses) fueron incluidos en el estudio. Treinta y tres de ellos recibieron 1 mg/día de paricalcitol; el resto, 2 (..) (AU)


Introduction: Paricalcitol, a selective activator of Vitamin D receptors, is successfully used as a treatment of hyperparathyroidism secondary to chronic kidney disease (CKD). In addition, it has been proposed for reducing proteinuria in patients with CKD. Nonetheless, little is known about its effect on peritoneal protein loss in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD). Objectives: To analyse the efficiency of oral paricalcitol in secondary hyperparathyroidism control in PD patients and to verify its effect on urinary and peritoneal effluent protein loss. Material and method: Prospective study with a 12-month follow-up on a cohort of PD patients. Invention consisted of the introduction of paricalcitol for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Paricalcitol was dosed according to parathyroid hormone (PTH): therefore, if PTH was lower than 500pg/ml, each patient was given a capsule of 1mg/day; if the PTH was higher than this amount, a dose of 2mg/day was administered. Epidemiological, clinical and analytical data were analysed. Results: patients (56±19 years, 55% women, 16% diabetics, technique time (14±10 months) were included in (..) (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Diálise Peritoneal/efeitos adversos , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/fisiopatologia , Proteinúria/tratamento farmacológico , Receptores de Calcitriol/agonistas , Hiperparatireoidismo Secundário/fisiopatologia , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular , Hormônio Paratireóideo , Proteína C-Reativa
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